Taxation and Market Power

نویسندگان

  • Kai A. Konrad
  • Florian Morath
  • Wieland Müller
چکیده

We analyze the incidence and welfare effects of unit sales tax increases in experimental monopoly and Bertrandmarkets.We find, in line with economic theory, that firms with no market power are able to shift a high share of the tax burden to consumers, independent of whether buyers are automated or human players. In monopoly markets, a monopolist bears a large share of the burden of a tax increase. With human buyers, however, this share is smaller thanwith automated buyers, as the presence of humanbuyers constrains the pricing behaviour of a monopolist. Several control treatments corroborate this finding. JEL classification: H22, L12, L13 Fiscalité et pouvoir de marché. On analyse l’incidence et les effets de bien-être d’une augmentation d’une taxe de vente unitaire dans des mondes de monopole expérimental et de marchés à la Bertrand. On découvre, en cohérence avec la théorie économique, que les firmes qui n’ont pas de pouvoir de marché sont capables de déporter une grande portion du fardeau de la taxe vers les consommateurs, qu’il s’agisse d’acheteurs automatisés ou d’humains. Dans les marchés monopolistes, un monopoleur porte une grande part du fardeau de l’accroissement de taxe. Quand il s’agit d’acheteurs humains, cependant, cette part est plus petite que quand il s’agit d’acheteurs automatisés, car la présence d’acheteurs humains contraint le comportement de tarification du monopoleur. Plusieurs d’expériences corroborent ce résultat. Wieland Muller is also affiliated with the Department of Economics, Tilburg University, CentER and TILECWe thank Michael Devereux, Klaas Staal, participants in a SFB/TR-15 conference in Caputh, in the Annual Congress of the Verein für Socialpolitik in Kiel, and in the IIPF Congress in Uppsala, seminar participants in Innsbruck, Munich, and Siegen, and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. For providing laboratory resources we kindly thank MELESSA of the University of Munich, and we are grateful to Nina Bonge for excellent research assistance. The third author acknowledges financial help from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) through a VIDI grant. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d’Economique, Vol. 47, No. 1 February / février 2014. Printed in Canada / Imprimé au Canada 0008-4085 / 14 / 173–202 / C © Canadian Economics Association 174 K.A. Konrad, F. Morath, and W. Müller

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تاریخ انتشار 2009